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Updated 2 July 2026

Consumer Duty — the topic that trips up the most candidates

Consumer Duty shows up across nearly every CeMAP unit, and it's consistently one of the topics candidates get wrong most — usually because the wording is precise and the four outcomes and three obligations get blurred together. Here's the clean version.

What is the Consumer Duty?

The FCA's Consumer Duty requires firms to act to deliver good outcomes for retail customers. It's a higher, more outcomes-focused standard than the older Treating Customers Fairly (TCF) principle it builds on.

The four outcomes

OutcomeWhat it covers
Products and servicesProducts are designed to meet the needs of the customers they're targeted at
Price and valueThe price a customer pays is reasonable relative to the benefits they receive
Consumer understandingCommunications are clear, and customers can make informed decisions
Consumer supportCustomers get the support they need, when they need it, without unreasonable barriers

The three cross-cutting obligations — the exam trap

Alongside the four outcomes, firms must meet three cross-cutting obligations. These are commonly confused for each other on exam papers because they sound similar but are legally distinct:

A typical exam question will list three of these plus a decoy (e.g. "fair treatment of customers," which is the older TCF framing, not one of the three Consumer Duty obligations) and ask which one is NOT a cross-cutting obligation. Knowing the exact three — not an approximation — is what separates a pass from a near-miss here.

Try a real question

Regulation · FRE1

The Consumer Duty requires firms to adhere to three cross-cutting obligations, which include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Free · No account needed · 60 seconds

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Frequently asked questions

What does the Consumer Duty actually require firms to do?

The Consumer Duty requires firms to act to deliver good outcomes for retail customers across four outcome areas: products and services, price and value, consumer understanding, and consumer support.

What are the three cross-cutting obligations under Consumer Duty?

Firms must act in good faith towards customers, avoid causing them foreseeable harm, and enable and support customers to pursue their financial objectives. These are three distinct obligations, not restatements of the same idea.

Is Consumer Duty tested on more than one CeMAP unit?

Yes. It appears across FRE1 (regulation), FRE2 (skills, principles and ethical behaviours) and is referenced in the mortgage units where advice suitability is discussed.